Korean grammar 는
Today, we’re going to learn ‘Verb-는 Noun.’ Last time, we’ve learned – Korean grammar 은/는 and Korean grammar 을/를
when the adjective ‘따뜻하다 (to be warm) is followed by ‘ㄴ’ and it becomes ‘따뜻한.’ ‘따뜻한’ modifies the following noun 차 (tea).’ When 는 attached with a verb the last character of verb 다 automatically disappears.
는 conjugation
V + 는 + N
웃다 + 는 + 사람 = 웃는 사람
Here, 웃다(Laugh) is verb + 는 + 사람(Human/ person) is Noun. So it becomes a laughing person or the person who laughs.
when the verb ‘먹다 (to eat)’ is followed by ‘는’, it becomes ‘먹는.’ ‘먹는’ modifies the following noun ‘사람 (person).’
So, when you combine these phrases, it becomes ‘따듯한 만두를 먹는 사람 (the person who is eats hot momo/ dumpling).
무슨 일을 해요? What do you do?”
“저는 한국어를 배우는 학생이에요.” I’m a student who is learning Korean.
“저는 음식을 만드는 요리사예요.” I’m a cook who makes food.
On the above sentences, we used verbs 배우다 (To learn) and 만들다 (To make) and changed that verb into grammar 배우는, 만드는. Both words modify the following nouns: ‘학생(student) and 요리사 (cook).
Korean grammar 는 (V 는 N)
Now let’s find out ‘Verb-는 Noun’. which modifies the following noun and it shows the event or action occurs in the present.‘는’ attach after a verb stem and Verb-는’ modifies the following noun. And it shows an event or action occurs in the present. For example,
‘저는 일본어를 배우는 학생이에요.’ I’m a student who is learning Japanese.
When you look at ‘배운’ , 는 attaches after the verb ‘배우다 (to learn).’ It modifies the following noun ‘학생 (a student).’
Let’s see another example
‘저기 책을 읽는 사람이 김 씨예요.’ The person who is reading a book over there is kim.
When you look at ‘읽는,’ ‘는 attaches after the verb ‘읽다 (to read).’ It modifies the following noun 사람 (person).’
Let’s look at the last one.
‘저는 음식을 만드는 요리사예요.’ I’m a cook who is makes food.’
When you look at ‘만든’, ‘는 attaches after the verb 만들다 (to make).’ It modifies the following noun ‘요리사 (cook).’
배우다 has no final consonant in the stem.
읽다 has final consonant at the end.
만들다 has a final consonant ‘ㄹ.’
‘는’ is used for all of them. Whether there is the final consonant in the stem or not, ‘는’ is used.
‘읽다 (to read)’
which has the final consonant.
Remove ‘다.’ (Note- 다 is always removed after a verb.)
There is the final consonant – ㄺ
‘는’ attaches after that, and it becomes ‘읽는.’
‘배우다 (to learn).’
Remove ‘다.’ (Note- 다 is always removed after the verb.)
There is no final consonant in the stem ‘우.’
Likewise, ‘는’ is attached. So, it becomes ‘배우는.’
ㄹ final consonant
When a verb stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’, delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는.’
‘음식을 만드는 요리사예요.’ I’m a cook who is making food.
When you look at ‘만드는,’, Remove ‘다’ from the verb 만들다 (to make). The verb stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ.’
Delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는.’ So, it becomes ‘만든.’
‘김 씨는 제가 아는 사람이에요.’ Kim is the person I know.
When you look at ‘아는’
Remove ‘다’ from the verb ‘알다 (to know).’
There is the final consonant ‘ㄹ.’
Remove ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는.’ So, it becomes ‘아는.’
Korean grammar 는 practice
Let’s practice by looking at some more examples. Lets make a sentence using these words
‘차다, 시간에는 음악을 들어요.’ (to sleep, the time I listen to music)
‘차는 시간에는 음악을 들어요.’ I listen to music during sleep time/bedtime.
‘는’ is attached after ‘쉬다’, and it becomes ‘쉬는.’
‘제가 자주, 먹다, 음식은 피자예요.’ (I frequently, to eat, food pizza)
‘제가 자주 먹는 음식은 피자예요.’ It is the pizza I frequently eat.
‘는’ is attached after ‘먹다’, and it becomes ‘먹는.’
‘여기는 제가 잘, 알다, 동네예요.’ (This place I well, to know, a village)
‘여기는 제가 잘 아는 동네예요.’ This is the village I know well.
From the verb ‘알다 (to know)’, delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는.’ It becomes ‘아는.’
‘차는 시간에는 음악을 들어요.’
‘제가 자주 먹는 음식은 피자예요.’
‘여기는 제가 잘 아는 동네예요.’
저는 호텔에서 요리하는 김지누라고 합니다.” I’m called Kim Jinu who is cooking in the hotel.
‘요리하는’ is the expression made by adding ‘는’ to ‘요리하다.’
“제가 자주 듣는 노래는 케이팝이에요.” It is Kpop which I frequently listen to.
‘듣는’ is the expression made by adding ‘는’ after the verb ‘듣다 (to listen.)’
“제가 제일 좋아하는 가수가 박재상이에요.” It is Park Jae-sang who is the singer I like most.
‘좋아하는’ is the expression made by adding ‘는’ after the verb ‘좋아하다 (to listen.)’
“한국어 아직 열심히 공부하는 거예요?” Are you still learning Korean?
공부하는’ is the expression made by adding ‘는’ to ‘공부하다.
Korean grammar 는 summary
Whether there is the final consonant or not, ‘는’ is used for both cases. So, ‘배우다’ becomes ‘배우는’ and ‘읽다’ becomes ‘읽는.’
When the verb stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ,’ delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘는.’ So, ‘만들다’ becomes ‘만드는.’
