나요 grammar attached after an adjective stem, a verb stem, and a noun. ‘(으)ㄴ가요?, 나요?’ have the same meaning as ‘아요/어요?’ It’s used to ask questions to the other person. It is used to ask something softly. Generally, 가요 grammar is used after an adjective stem and 나요 grammar is used after the verb stem.
They are softer expressions than ‘아요/어요? and 이에요/예요?’ And they are mainly used in speaking and informal situations. Let’s see some examples.
매운 음식을 잘 먹나요?’ Do you eat spicy food well?
Here, ‘먹나요?’ is a combination of the verb ‘먹다 (to read) and ‘나요?.’ It has the same meaning as ‘먹어요?’. Instead of using ‘어요?’, using ‘나요?’ makes the tone soft.
‘토요일에도 회사에 가나요?’ Do you go to work on Saturdays?
Here, ‘가나요?’ is a combination of the verb ‘가다 (to go) and ‘나요?.’ It has the same meaning as ‘가요?’. Instead of using ‘아요?’, using ‘나요?’ makes the tone soft.
가요 means – is this the case or I am wondering in Korean.
나요 meaning
나요? Is a question ending. When you ask a question in a very gentle way, or sometimes with caution. When you don’t want to ask a question in a direct way then 나요? Is used. Generally, after a verb stem, we use 나요 grammar.
나요 ending
보통 몇 시에 학교에 가나요? What time do you usually go to school?
언제 시간이 되나요? When are you available?
시험이 어땠나요? How was the exam?
BTS가 그렇게 멋있나요? Is BTS that cool?
요즘 길이 많이 막히나요? Is traffic that bad these days?
주말에 날씨가 좋으면 보통 뭘 하나요? What do you usually do on weekends when the weather is nice?
오늘 몇 시에 일어났나요? What time did you wake up today?
몸이 안 좋을 때 보통 어떻게 하나요? What do you do when you’re not feeling well?
언제 가장 행복했나요? When were you the happiest?
In present tense
시작하다 – 시작하나요?
아프다 아픈가요
공부하다 – 공부 하나요
일요일이다 – 일요일이었나요?
오다 – 왔나요?
춥다 – 추웠나요?
살다 사나요
굽다 굽 나요
듣다 듣나요
먹다 – 먹나요
재미 – 재미있나요
울다 우나요
떠나다 – 떠나나요
하다 – 하나요?
가다 – 가나요?
오다 – 오나요?
바람 부나요?” Is it windy?
In past tense
갔다 갔나요
공부했다 공부 했나요
좋았다 좋았나요
바빳다 바빳나요
재미있었다 – 재미있었나요
How to use 나요 grammar?
Verb & -있다/없다’-나요?.’
Whether a verb stem has the final consonant or not, ‘나요?’ is used.
verb stem with the final consonant ‘먹다 (to eat).
Remove ‘다’, then there is the final consonant. Then ‘나요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘먹나요?’
verb stem with no final consonant ‘가다 (to go).
Remove ‘다’, then there is no final consonant. Then ‘나요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘가나요?’
When a verb stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’ delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘나요?.’ For example,
verb 만들다 (to make)
Remove ‘다.’ Then there is the final consonant ‘ㄹ’ before ‘다’. Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘나요?’ So you can say ‘만드나요?’
verb 놀다 (to play)
Remove ‘다’. Then the final consonant is ‘ㄹ’ before ‘다’. Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘나요?’ So you can say ‘노나요?’
when an adjective ends with ‘있다/없다’, ‘나요?’ is used after that. For example,
adjective ‘맛있다 (to be delicious).
It ends with ‘있다’, remove ‘다’, and use ‘나요?’ after that. So you can say ‘멋있나요?’
adjective ‘재미없다 (not to be fun)’.
It ends with ‘없다’. Then remove ‘다’, and use ‘나요?’ after that. So you can say ‘재미없나요?’
나요 grammar Summary
whether a verb stem has the final consonant or not, and when an adjective ends with ‘-있다/없다’, ‘나요?’ is used. So ‘먹다’ becomes ‘먹나요?’, ‘가다’ becomes ‘가나요?’, ‘맛있다’ becomes ‘맛있나요?’.
When a verb stem ends has the final consonant ‘ㄹ, ’then delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘나요?.’ So ‘만들다’ becomes ‘만드나요?.
‘(으)ㄴ가요grammar and, 나요 grammar is always used in question form. The questioner indicates the uncertainty. And the questions are ((으)ㄴ가요, 나요) more polite and softer.
은가요 grammar
‘(으)ㄴ가요?, 나요?’ have the same meaning as ‘아요/어요?’ It’s used to ask questions to the other person. It is used to ask something softly.
가요 ending
요즘 한국어를 배우는 외국인 학생들이 많은가요? Are there any non-Koreans learning Korean these days?
마이클이 많이 아픈가요? Is Michael not feeling bad?
한국어 수업이 많이 어려운가요? Is Korean class difficult?
‘오늘 날씨가 좋은가요?’ Is the weather good today?
요즘 많이 바쁜가요? Are you busy these days?
덥다 – 더운가요
나쁘다 – 나쁜가요
한국 사람이다- 한국 사람인가요
지금 많이 배고픈 가요
몸이 많이 안 좋은가요
오늘 날씨가 추운 가요
오늘 날씨가 어떤가요
한국 물가가 많이 비싼가요
For descriptive verb, 은가요 is used.
예쁘다 예쁜가요?
바쁘다 바쁜 가요?
좋다 좋은가요?
길다 긴가요?
춥다 추운?
학생이다 학생 인가요?
남자친구 이다 남자친구 인가요?
Here, ‘좋은가요’ is a combination of the adjective ‘좋다 (to be good) and ‘은가요?.’ It has the same meaning as ‘좋아요?’ Instead of using ‘아요?’, using ‘은가요?’ makes the tone soft.
‘오늘 날씨가 나쁜가요?’ Is the weather bad today?
스티브가 중국 사람인가요 Is steve Chinese man?
‘나쁜가요’ is a combination of the adjective ‘나쁘다 (to be bad) and ‘ㄴ가요?.’ It has the same meaning as ‘나빠요?’. Instead of using ‘아요?’, using ‘ㄴ가요?’ makes the tone soft.
Let’s see examples of ‘N-인가요?’
‘오늘이 무슨 요일인가요?’ What day is it today?
Here, ‘요일인가요?’ is a combination of the noun ‘요일 (day) and ‘인가요?.’ It has the same meaning as ‘요일인가요?’. Instead of using ‘이에요?’, using ‘인가요?’ makes the tone soft.
‘저 사람은 누구인가요? Who is that person?’
Here, ‘누구인가요?’ is a combination of the noun ‘누구 (who) and ‘인가요?.’ It has the same meaning as ‘누구예요?’. Instead of using ‘예요?’, using ‘인가요?’ makes the tone soft.
Let’s see combination information in the present form.
adjective-은가요/ㄴ가요?.
when an adjective stem has the final consonant, ‘은가요?’ is used. For example, when you look at the adjective ‘좋다 (to be good), remove ‘다.’ There is the final consonant before ‘다’. Then ‘은가요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘좋은가요?’
Let’s look at the adjective ‘작다 (to be small)’. Remove ‘다’. Then there is the final consonant before ‘다’. Then ‘은가요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘작은가요?’
when an adjective stem does not have the final consonant, ‘ㄴ가요?’ is used. For example, when you look at the adjective ‘아프다 (to be sick), remove ‘다.’ Then there is no final consonant before ‘다.’ Then ‘ㄴ가요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘아픈가요?’
adjective ‘크다 (to be big)’.
Remove ‘다’. There is no final consonant before ‘다.’ Then ‘ㄴ가요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘큰가요?’
When an adjective stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’ delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘ㄴ가요?.’ For example
adjective 멀다 (to be far)
Remove ‘다, There is the final consonant is ‘ㄹ’ before ‘다’. Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘ㄴ가요?’ So you can say ‘먼가요?’
adjective ‘달다 (to be sweet)’.
Remove ‘다’. Then the final consonant is ‘ㄹ’ before ‘다’. Then, delete ‘ㄹ’ and then attach ‘ㄴ가요?’ So you can say ‘단가요?’
가요 grammar summary
when an adjective stem has the final consonant, ‘은가요?’ is used. So ‘좋다’ becomes ‘좋은가요?.’
When an adjective stem does not have the final consonant, ‘ㄴ가요?’ is used. So ‘나쁘다’ becomes ‘나쁜가요?.’
When an adjective stem ends with the final consonant ‘ㄹ’ delete ‘ㄹ’ and attach ‘ㄴ가요?.’ So ‘멀다’ becomes ‘먼가요?.’
인가요 grammar Summary
In the case of nouns, whether a preceding noun has the final consonant or not, ‘인가요?’ is used.
the noun ‘요일 (day).’
There is the final consonant. Then ‘인가요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘요일인가요?’
‘누구 (who).’
There is no final consonant. Then ‘인가요?’ is used after that. So you can say ‘누구인가요?’
whether a preceding noun has the final consonant or not, ‘인가요?’ is used. So ‘요일’ becomes ‘요일인가요?
‘누구’ becomes ‘누구인가요?’.
Now let’s look at the combination information in the past tense
Let’s look at ‘adjective/verb-았/었/했-나요?’
In the case of past forms, after an adjective/verb stem, attach the past expressions ‘았/었/했’ and attach ‘나요?’
When the vowel before ‘다’ is ‘ㅏ’ or ‘ㅗ’, ‘았나요?’ is used. So ‘좋다’ becomes ‘좋았나요?’
When a vowel in an adjective/verb stem’ is other vowels, then ‘었나요?’ is used. So ‘먹다’ becomes ‘먹었나요?.
When an adjective/ verb ends in ‘하다’, change ‘하다’ to ‘했나요?’ So ‘일하다’ becomes ‘일했나요?.
After a noun, attach the past expressions ‘이었’ or ‘였’ and then attach ‘나요?’
When the preceding noun has the final consonant, ‘이었나요?’ is used. So ‘일요일’ becomes ‘일요일이었나요?’
when the preceding noun does not have the final consonant, ‘였나요?’ or (이었나요?’) is used. So ‘누구’ becomes ‘누구였나요?’
In this case, you can say ‘였’ instead of ‘이었’.
춥다 – 추운가요?
것이다 – 것인가요
